I. Requirements Analysis

Geological hazards such as landslides and subsidence caused by underground mining activities lead to surface deformation. These surface deformations directly impact the foundations, towers, and spans of high-voltage transmission line towers, further inducing deformation in other components of the transmission lines. Collapses and failures occur frequently, posing severe threats to grid safety. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a Beidou-based online monitoring system for geological hazards along transmission lines. This system will enable real-time tracking of geological hazard conditions, comprehensively enhancing the management of transmission line towers.

II. Working Principle

The Beidou Geological Hazard Online Monitoring Device for Power Transmission Lines employs millimeter-level or centimeter-level Beidou high-precision relative positioning technology. Relative positioning involves placing two (or more) receivers at opposite ends of one (or multiple) baselines to simultaneously observe the same Beidou satellites, thereby determining the relative positions of baseline endpoints or baseline vectors. During relative positioning, differential processing of observations eliminates satellite clock errors and receiver clock errors, mitigates ionospheric and tropospheric refraction effects, and resolves integer ambiguity parameters, thereby enhancing baseline accuracy. By deploying BeiDou monitoring antennas on towers requiring positioning and integrating data from national BeiDou ground-based augmentation stations, carrier phase data and ephemeris required for processing are transmitted simultaneously to the data center via an encrypted communication network. The data center receives raw real-time data streams from each monitoring point and base station. Utilizing the BeiDou data processing engine, it performs baseline calculations between base stations and positioning points, nbsp; obtaining the tower's high-precision real-time 3D coordinates to monitor its settlement status.

III. Features and Functions

1. Basic Configuration for BeiDou Geological Hazard Monitoring: Master Control Unit, BeiDou Settlement Monitoring Unit, Communication Unit, Power Supply Unit, BeiDou Communication Module, Mounting Bracket, and Auxiliary Materials;

2. Collect high-precision real-time 3D coordinates, base station observation data, monitoring point observation data, as well as ephemeris and precise ephemeris data. Transmit encrypted data via 4G/5G signals to the service platform for processing, then analyze the data using BeiDou ground-based augmentation network resources.

3. BeiDou Receiver Functionality: Includes all equipment encompassing data acquisition, centralized transmission, processing and calculation, display and recording, as well as safety protection facilities such as lightning protection and anti-theft measures. This enables the transmission of monitoring data to the monitoring center for display.

4. Unattended Monitoring System: Achieves an annual operational reliability rate exceeding 99%, ensuring 24/7 continuous and reliable operation. The system maintains uninterrupted, fault-free operation for over 100,000 hours.

5. Real-time display and analysis of deformation data, enabling intermittent health status assessments;

6. Central software performs automatic calculations: with a minimum response time ranging from minutes to hours, it conducts real-time network adjustment, automatically evaluates monitoring results, and allows users to fully customize all parameters according to specific monitoring requirements.

7. Diverse daily channel alerts: Alerts are delivered via web, app notifications, and SMS messages, ensuring you stay informed about power tower deformation status anytime, anywhere.

8. Continuously monitor the spatial displacement of deformation points on power transmission towers to determine the deformation status and geometric alignment of the affected zones.

9. Provides high-quality dual-frequency BeiDou measurement data, delivering real-time millimeter-level positioning accuracy. Static accuracy specifications: Horizontal: <±2mm + 0.5ppm; Vertical: <±4mm + 0.5ppm. Real-time monitoring accuracy during wind-induced vibration on power transmission towers: Horizontal: <±10mm; Vertical: <±20mm.

10. Automatically generate reports with customizable reporting cycles (e.g., weekly, daily). Users can freely add or remove essential output information. Additionally, weekly or monthly trend curves for specific data points can be automatically generated as needed.

11. The system employs a modular design with standardized, integrated components to facilitate on-site installation and maintenance.

IV. Product Specifications

Serial Number	Category	Project Name	Technical Specifications
1	Overall Performance	Complete System Configuration	Main Control Unit, BeiDou Settlement Monitoring Unit, Communication Unit, Power Supply Unit, BeiDou Communication Module, Mounting Bracket, and Auxiliary Materials
		Overall quality	Total weight: Less than 40 kg (including solar panels and mounting brackets)
		Material	Stainless steel body + hot-dip galvanized bracket
2	Beidou Settlement Monitoring Unit	Observation frequency	Receives signals from multiple navigation satellite systems: BDS (B1/B2), GPS (L1/L2)
		Measurement Accuracy	Horizontal accuracy: ±2.5 mm + 0.5 ppm; Vertical accuracy: ±5 mm + 0.5 ppm
		Signal Reception Sensitivity	Less than or equal to -133 dBm
		Power supply	Power Input Port
		Antenna	1 GNSS antenna interface, socket type TNC
		Remote Control	Supports remote upgrades, remote reset, and remote parameter configuration.
		Number of BeiDou modules	Supports up to 4
3	Beidou Antenna Unit	Signal Tracking	Capable of receiving GPS satellite signals L1, L2, and L5; GLONASS satellite signals L1 and L2; BeiDou satellite signals. Signal Tracking: B1, B2, B3 Signals, Galileo Satellite Signals
		Phase Center Indicator	A set of communication interface outputs, available in RS232 (default) or TTL level configurations.
		Antenna Beam	Azimuth: 0° to 360°, Elevation: 5° to 90°
		Axle ratio	2 dB (elevation angle 90°) ≤ 4 dB (elevation angle 20°–90°)
		Voltage Standing Wave Ratio	≤1.5 (50Ω)
4	Communication Unit	Communication method	All-network 4G/5G/WiFi/Beidou communication module/wireless transmission
		Data Security	Communication with the main server can utilize a dedicated VPN channel, with optional encrypted transmission.
		Access Protocol	Compatible with monitoring platforms of provincial power companies such as China Southern Power Grid and State Grid
5	Power Supply Unit	Battery capacity	100Ah/12V, Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery High Reliability Battery
		Solar panel power	180W/18V, Monocrystalline Silicon High-Efficiency Solar Panel
		Power supply duration	The device can maintain normal operation for 15 days without external power supply.
6	Other parameters	Overall service life	Over 8 years
		Protection Rating	IP66